A-Yokai-A-Day: How a Man From Gojō, Kyōto Was Punished For Scraping the Gold Foil Off of a Buddha

Tonight’s story repeats some common themes — namely, a problem caused by attachment to material wealth, and snakes being used to represent that attachment. This story is interesting in that the people involved have the chance to make their sin right. At first they try to “outwit” their own karma, which I find very interesting, because it’s such a human, believable thing to try. I love that they halfway doubt the fortune teller at first. And when that fails they ultimately make a sensible, rational decision and choose the lesser of two evils. It’s about as close to a happy ending as kaidan often get.

How a Man From Gojō, Kyōto Was Punished For Scraping the Gold Foil Off of a Buddha
There was a poor oil seller who lived near Aburanokōji Gojō in Kyōto. Somebody told him that there was a golden buddha among the buddha statues at Sanjūsangendō. The oil seller was delighted to hear such good news. He went to Sanjūsangendō, broke off the buddha’s hands and feet, and burnt them to ashes so that the foil on them hardened into lumps of gold. He sold these lumps here and there, and soon he made thirty gold coins. His family became rich, and lived in affluence from morning to evening.

One time, when the oil seller and his wife were sleeping side by side, they felt a strange sensation like something cold touch their bodies. They lit a lamp and saw there were two small snakes. The couple were so startled that they beat the snakes to death, but two more snakes crawled out, and night and day the two snakes refused to leave the couple’s side. They prayed and prayed, but they did not receive any sign.

The couple grew more and more uneasy, so they asked a diviner to tell them their fortune. The diviner consulted his reading, and he asked, “Have you ever made money off of a buddha?” Then the couple confessed everything that they had done, saying that yes, indeed, they had made money off of a buddha. Hearing this, the diviner said, “In that case, if you use the money that you made to create a buddha and donate it to the temple, your curse will end.”

And so, they used half of the money that they had earned to make a buddha and they donated it to the temple. When they did this, one of the snakes went away, but the other one coiled its body around them and would not leave. The couple decided that being alive was the most important thing, and so they used the remainder of their money to make another buddha and donated it, after which the other snake left them. Then they returned to their old life as poor oil sellers.

a snake coils around a golden buddha statue

A-Yokai-A-Day: The Bakemono of Komatsu Castle in Ōshū

Before we get to today’s yokai, I’d like to take a moment to point out that both this website and yokai.com are presented ad-free and paywall-free. That’s because I love these stories, and I love having the opportunity to share them with as many people as possible. If you enjoy reading about yokai and Japanese folklore, please consider subscribing to my Patreon, even just $1. It helps pay for web hosting and traffic, and it allows me to share Japanese folklore, year-found and full-time. Plus you can get a lot of cool rewards! Please check out my Patreon and help me continue my work!

Today’s A-Yokai-A-Day comes from Ōshū, another name for Mutsu Province, which is today Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate and Aomori Prefectures, and a bit of Akita Prefecture. However, Ōshū also sometimes included Dewa Province (now Yamagata and Akita Prefectures), covering the entirety of Tōhoku. The castle in the story, Komatsu, uses the latter definition, and stood in what is today Nakakomatsu, Yamagata Prefecture.

This story is interesting because it features a number of common kaidan tropes: an outhouse; a severed head; and a female monster with ohaguro. The outhouse is a classic location because let’s face it; going to the toilet at night is scary enough, but imagine doing it in an age with no electricity and no plumbing, where wild animals can easily crawl into the toilet, and where weeds and plants spring up from it as well. In cities, you might have a properly boxed-off hut with a rudimentary sewage system in it, but in the countryside often all you had was a large, communal, clay pot out in the fields. Severed heads need no explanation as to why they are scary. As for monsters frequently being female, we can blame this on patriarchal society. It was believed that women were more emotional than men, and thus much more prone to becoming overly emotionally attached to things than men. And as I discussed in yesterday’s post, attachment is the reason people become monsters. So there is a logical, albeit sexist, reason that there are so many female monsters in Japanese folklore. And the black-toothed look of ohaguro is a bit frightening today, but it seems that Edo period readers also found it frightening, considering how often it shows up in monsters.

The story calls this monster a bakemono, which pretty much just means “monster.” It’s a generic term that doesn’t specifically point to any cause. Flying heads are sometimes called nukekubi or rokurokubi, although these necessarily have a body somewhere, and we don’t know if this bakemono does or not.

The Bakemono of Komatsu Castle in Ōshū
Not long ago, there was a samurai who was guarding a castle in a place called Komatsu, in Ōshū. His wife was the daughter of a certain Uwaki. One night, when she went to the outhouse, a woman’s head with blackened ohaguro teeth flew from across the way and grinned at her. She was horrified, but she knew that it would be bad to be defeated by such a thing, and so with her eyes open wide she glared back at the head. The head lost the staring contest, and then gradually flew away from her until it disappeared.

The woman was so happy that she left the outhouse and returned to her room, only to find that the lantern had gone out. She checked the next room, but the lantern in that room had gone out too, and it was pitch black. At that moment, she fainted.

When her husband returned home and searched for her, he found her in another room, lying flat on the floor, breathless and unresponsive. Everybody was astonished. They gave her some smelling salts, and finally she came to  her senses.

When they asked her what had happened, she told them the whole story. Afterwards, they built a new outhouse in a new location, and the monster never appeared again.

a woman's head with blackened teeth flies through the air

A-Yokai-A-Day: How Horikoshi From Tōtomi Province Was Infatuated With His Daughter-in-Law

Today is the first day of October, and that marks the start of A-Yokai-A-Day! I hope you’ll join me in sharing yokai on social media/blogs/wherever using the #ayokaiaday hashtag.

This month’s stories all come from an Edo period collection called Shokoku hyakumonogatari, or “100 Tales from Various Provinces.” It’s a collection of one hundred strange, scary, and silly stories collected from all over Japan and first published in 1677. As far as I am aware these tales have never appeared in English before. I’m translating them from Japanese and including a bit of cultural explanation beforehand, since some of the stories are not easy to grok without some understanding of Japanese history and culture. Be sure to come back every day this month for a new tale from Japanese folklore!

Today’s story revolves around a central theme in many yokai stories: attachment. Specifically, inappropriate attachment, obsession, or infatuation with worldly things. Often this ends up being money or people, but it could be anything at all. Those who die with lingering attachment in their hearts often come back as yokai — or sometimes the attachment itself manifests as a yokai — and cause harm to those they loved.

This idea comes from the Buddhist notion that all suffering in the world is caused by improper attachments to things. This makes sense even on a secular level; we all can imagine how being overly fond of money or being overly attached to a specific person might annoy others and harm your relationships. But Buddhism is talking about this on a cosmic scale — the attachments we form in life generate karma, and the karma we generate is what propels us into the next life after we die. If you cling on too much to things, instead of passing peacefully into your next life, you may be doomed to return as a yokai… (I like to imagine myself narrating this like the Crypt Keeper, so this is where I’d let out a big cackle, and segue into tonight’s story.)

A-Yokai-A-Day: How Horikoshi From Tōtomi Province Was Infatuated With His Daughter-in-Law

In Tōtomi Province there lived a certain man named Horikoshi. When he was sixteen his son was born, and before long his son became sixteen, and it was time for him to get married. Horikoshi was thirty at that time.

The new bride was beautiful, talented, and intelligent, but whenever Horikoshi saw her, he would not make eye contact or speak to her at all, and just looked at the floor. Everybody thought it was strange and asked him, “Do you hate your daughter-in-law?”

“No, as long as things are good between her and her husband, there’s no problem,” he replied. But for three years his condition seemed to grow steadily worse, and eventually he became gravely ill.

“We should pay him a visit,” the daughter-in-law said.

But Horikoshi said, “Visiting the bedside of an unsightly sick man won’t help anything.” And he did not permit anyone to visit him.

When Horikoshi’s dying hour came near, his daughter-in-law was finally able to come to his bedside and nurse him by rubbing his hands and feet. Horikoshi’s wife stepped out into the adjacent room to rest. After a while, there was a sound from his room like something hitting the folding screens and shōji. Everyone in the house wondered what it was, and when they went to investigate, they found that Horikoshi had turned into a serpent and had wrapped his body three times around his daughter-in-law. Water erupted from beneath the floor and the house sank into a deep pond. Horikoshi dragged his daughter-in-law down into the water with him.

It is said that until recently, on clear days the beams and other parts of the house could be seen in Horikoshi’s pond. Now the pond has become small and shallow, as if the serpent no longer lives there.

a huge horned serpent coils around a woman in a kimono

Coming Soon: A-Yokai-A-Day 2023!

Hello readers and yokai lovers!

It’s been nearly a year since I’ve posted here, as I’ve been more active on various social media sites, Patreon, and yokai.com these days. This site, however, still remains the faithful home of A-Yokai-A-Day, even if that’s makes October the only month I post regularly. With the way social media is fragmenting further and further these days, I miss the old days when a blog was all you needed and RSS would do the rest. Maybe with the rise of the fediverse we might see a return to something like those days… but it’s hard to be optimistic about social media with the way it has been trending this past decade.

Anyway, exciting news: A-Yokai-A-Day will return as scheduled in just 10 more days!

Last year I began sharing tales from an Edo period story collection called Shokoku hyakumonogatari (“100 tales from various provinces”). It’s a fantastic collection of tales about yokai, ghosts, hauntings, etc., and as the name implies, there are 100 tales. Last year I shared 31 of them, and this year I will share the next 31 stories from this book during A-Yokai-A-Day.

I started A-Yokai-A-Day in 2009 as a personal project, but it became a lot more popular than I expected, and soon other people were sharing their own daily yokai posts during October. I love it! I will be sharing these posts on social media (Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X/whatever-its-called, and Mastodon) using the #ayokaiaday hashtag, and I hope others will too! Every day during October, sketch or doodle a yokai; or share a favorite story or painting; or anything at all to celebrate Japanese folklore with me!

See you soon!

A-Yokai-A-Day: The Painted Corpse Wife of Bungo Province

Well we’ve made it. Tonight is Halloween, and thus the final A-Yokai-A-Day post for 2022. I hope you’ve enjoyed these thirty one stories from Shokoku hyakumonogatari. I saved a particularly creepy one for tonight, our last story. If you found them interesting, remember that you can continue to get illustrated yōkai stories in your inbox year-round if you become a Patreon supporter. That’s what allows me to continue my work of sharing Japanese folklore with the world.

This yōkai is a pretty interesting one. In some ways it resembles a nuribotoke, but it has its own unique qualities as well. It also resembles in some way the buddhist mummies found in some East Asian countries, which are a bit scary in their own right.

It’s also one of the most terrifying descriptions of a ghost that I’ve read in so few words. For a book written in 1677, the horror in this one feels so fresh and vivid, and it’s easy to imagine it in a modern scary movie.

Happy Halloween everyone!

The Painted Corpse Wife of Bungo Province

There was a certain man in Bungo Province. His wife was seventeen years old and famous for her beauty, and the two of them had a great relationship. During pillow talk, this man always said to his wife, “If you die before I do, I will never marry again.”

Yet, one day his wife became sick with a cold and died. In her last moments she said to her husband, “If you feel pity for me, then there is no need to bury me or cremate me. Instead, rip open my bellow and take out my innards, fill me with rice, then paint my body with fourteen coats of lacquer. Build a small chapel and place me inside, put a gong in my hand, then come pray before me every morning and evening.” Then she died.

The man complied with her final wishes. He opened her belly, filled her with rice, coated her with lacquer, built a chapel and placed her inside. For two years he prayed before her and did not take a new wife. However, a friend eventually convinced him to remarry.

The new wife repeatedly begged the man for a divorce. He tried this and that to soothe her, but she would not listen. “In any case, I will not stay in this house with you,” she said, and then left.

Afterwards, the man took wife after wife, but every one of them said the same thing, and returned back to their families. Thinking this was no ordinary thing, the man made prayers and offerings in an attempt to exorcise whatever curse was following him. Then he married yet another woman.

This time, it seemed as if his prayers were answered. The new wife stayed with him for fifty or sixty days without incident.

Then, one evening when the man was out with his friends, his wife and her handmaids gathered in the house to talk. Late at night, the sound of a hand gong could be heard out front. Everyone grew nervous, and as they listened the sound grew closer and closer, until they could hear it inside of the house. Terrified, the women tightened the lock on the door and shrunk back. They heard the sound of the sliding doors being opened one after the other, until there was only a single door between them. Then a woman’s voice said:

“Open this door.”

But everyone was too afraid to say anything.

The voice spoke again: “It doesn’t matter whether you open the door or not. I will leave for now. But I will come back again and speak with you. And whatever you do, do not tell my husband of my visit. If you tell him, you will lose your life.”

Then the gong rang, and the woman left.

It was such a terrible experience that they had to have a peek though the doors. They saw a woman of seventeen or eighteen, utterly black from her face to her feet, carrying a hand gong. The women were so scared that they could hardly wait for the husband to come home. When he did, however, they remembered the woman’s words. They spoke nothing of that night to him.

However, the next day, the man’s wife told him that she wanted a divorce.

The man was perplexed. “Why all of a sudden do you say such a thing?”

The woman explained everything that had happened the previous night. The husband dismissed her concerns, saying, “That must have been a kitsune.”

“Please give me a divorce!” she said.

The husband tried this and that and eventually soothed her nerves, but after four or five days he had to leave on business again. That night, the sound of a hand gong was once again heard outside the house.

“Oh no!” thought the wife, and she locked the doors.

Then a woman’s voice said, “Open this door. Open it.”

The wife and her handmaids trembled in fear. Then all of a sudden, the handmaids became extremely drowsy, and they all fell asleep in unison. Only the wife was left awake. The sliding doors slid open one by one. Peeking into the next room, the wife saw the woman standing there, painted black, her long hair reaching all the way to the floor and shaking back and forth. She was glaring right at the wife.

“Aah, what a pity. I told you before not to tell my husband of my visit, but you told him so soon afterwards! You detestable wretch!”

As soon as she said this, she leaped at the wife, twisted her neck right off, and left.

The husband heard that something had happened, and he returned home. When he asked what happened, the wife’s handmaids told him everything.

The husband was shocked. He went to the chapel out front and looked inside. There, in front of the lacquered body of his first wife, was the head of his current wife.

“Oh, you bitch!” he said. And he pulled the painted woman down from the altar.

The blackened woman opened her eyes and bit open her husband’s throat, killing him.

A woman's corpse with lacquered skin and wild black hair reaches out to kill someone.

A-Yokai-A-Day: The Farmer in Kumano Whose Wife was Taken by a Henge

Tonight’s yōkai is once again referred to by the generic word henge. Essentially it’s a shape-shifter, although we don’t know what its true form is. However, I find this story somewhat interesting in that it has two supernatural explanations at the end.

One of them deals with a prohibition against women entering certain places (usually sacred mountains). The reasoning behind this relates to kegare, a belief in a kind of spiritual impurity or defilement.

The other supernatural explanation is about a magical sword forged by a legendary swordsmith. We’ve seen this already a couple of times this month (here and here), which let’s us understand just how important these swords were in folklore. In Japan, a sword is not simply a piece of metal to defend yourself with. It’s also a talisman that protects a family like a guardian deity. So it’s no surprise that swords pop up from time to time in yōkai stories, or that a famous sword might keep yōkai at bay just by its existence.

The Farmer in Kumano Whose Wife was Taken by a Henge

A farmer living near Kumano, feeling hard-pressed to pay his annual tribute, gathered his wife and children, and ran away into the wilderness. Before long, the road grew dark, so they were forced to spend the night in a roadside temple. Suddenly a woman appeared out of nowhere.

“Where did all of you come from?” she asked.

The farmer was pleased, thinking this woman was looking for some company. “I am a farmer from this area, but for various reasons we had to leave,” he said.

“In that case, please live here. You can gather leaves and make a fire,” said the woman.

The farmer was pleased and went off to gather leaves. After that the woman grabbed his wife and disappeared.

When the farmer returned, he could not find his wife. He heard her voice screaming from the top of the mountains. Thinking that some henge had transformed into the woman from earlier and absconded with his wife, he went off in the direction of the voice. However, the mountains were deep, and he could not find the spot where her screams were coming from.

While he searched, the dawn began to break. He frantically searched here and there, and he came across a cedar tree. His wife’s body was torn in two halves, hanging from a branch twenty feet above the ground. Seeing this, the farmer screamed and cried, but there was nothing he could do.

Then a lone man approached him.

“What are you grieving about?” he inquired.

The farmer told him everything that had happened.

“What a tragedy! If you hand me the swords you are carrying, I will take down the body from the tree and give it to you,” said the man.

The farmer was grateful. He gave the man his katana, but said, “I will keep my wakizashi.”

“In that case, I’ll try to take her down,” said the man, and he slid up the tree. Then he tore the farmer’s wife into little pieces and ate her, cackling.

“If you had given me your wakizashi, I would have done this to you too!”

Then he flew up into the sky and disappeared.

The farmer was so perplexed that he asked the locals about it. They said to him, “That temple is one in which women are forbidden to enter. That must be why such a thing happened.”

The farmer’s wakizashi had protected him because it was forged by Sanjō Kokaji.

A man in a tree eats pieces of a woman's corpse ripped in two.