One of the most amusing kinds of yokai is the group known as tsukumogami, or “99-year gods.” Superstition tells us that upon reaching 100-years of age, ordinary household items can gain sentience and come to life. This has lead to a number of fascinatiing stories about kimonos, shoes, umbrellas, and so on attacking people in their homes. Here are a few of the tsukumogami from Night Parade: | 妖怪の中でも興味深いグループの一つに付喪神(九十九神(髪))がある。言い伝えによると、長い期間使(100年近く)われてきた物達は付喪神という妖怪となり、時には人を襲う事もあるのだといいます。種類は数多くあって着物や履物、傘などです。展示会に来られた方々の中に付喪神が大好きだといわれる方もいましたよ。それでは今回、こちらの付喪神をNight Parade本がらご紹介しましょう!

Ittanmomen, Kosodenote, Jatai
Ittan-momen 一反木綿
Translation: one tan (about 28.8 cm by 10 m) of cotton
Appearance: Ittan-momen is a long, narrow sheet of cloth normally used to make clothes, but reanimated with the spirit of a tsukumogami. They are native to Kagoshima, and can be seen flying through the sky at night, occasionally attacking people.
Behavior: Ittan-momen attack by wrapping their bodies around a person’s face and neck, strangling or smothering them to death. As far as tsukumogami go, they are fairly malicious and often dangerous or deadly instead of simply mischievous.
Kosode-no-te 小袖の手
Translation: kosode (a short sleeved kimono) hands
Appearance: Kosode-no-te is a phenomenon appearing in short-sleeved kimonos formerly owned by prostitutes. It is characterized by a pair of ghostly hands emerging from the sleeves and assaulting nearby people.
Origin: Kosode-no-te can occur for a number of reasons. One common origin is when a prostitute dies in vain, after working for many years to save up the money to buy her freedom from her owner. Upon death, such women usually had their clothes donated to a temple for prayers to be said over them. However, if the woman was still owed money by her clients when she died, her spirit often reanimated her old clothing, and they leave the temple to find her customers and beg them for the owed money.
Another common origin is when, instead of being donated to a temple, a dead person’s kimono is sold to someone else. If the deceased was unable to properly pass on to nirvana upon death, that person’s spirit occasionally comes back and haunts the kimono.
Jatai 蛇帯
Translation: snake obi (a kimono sash)
Appearance: The jatai is a kimono sash which becomes animated and slithers around like a giant snake during the night.
Origin: An old folk belief from Ehime and other parts of Japan says that if you lay your obi out near your pillow while you sleep, you will have dreams about snakes. Because the word for a snake’s body (jashin) is the same as the word for a wicked heart, it is said that the obi itself can manifest a tsukumogami and turn into a murderous agent of jealousy. This snake obi hunts after men, strangling them in their sleep.
Don’t forget to check out my book, The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons, on Amazon.com to learn about over one hundred other bizarre yokai! |

Ittanmomen, Kosodenote, Jatai
Ittan-momen 一反木綿
外見: 一反木綿は長くて幅の狭い布で、大抵は服を作るために使われているものであり、その布の魂が付喪神になったものである。鹿児島県に伝わる妖怪で、夜に空をゆらゆらと飛んで時に人を攻撃する事もあるのだという。
習性: 一反木綿は人の顔や首にまとわりついて人を襲うと言われており、窒息させるか絞め殺してしまうのだという。付喪神のなかでも一反木綿は比較的怖い妖怪で、単に人を驚かすだけではなく危険で恐ろしい側面をもつものである。
Kosode-no-te 小袖の手
外見: 小袖の手はかつて遊女が所有していた小袖から二本の手がすぅっと伸び、人々に悪い影響を及ぼすというものである。
起源: 小袖の手は様々な理由から現れる。一つの起源にあるのは、ある遊女がその楼主の元から自由になるための身請けの金を求めていたが長い間働いた後、願い叶わぬまま死んでしまったというものである。女の死後、女の着物は寺に収められて悼まれるのだが、しかしその遊女は身請けの金を求めるあまりに小袖から手を伸ばすのだと言われている。
他の説によると、寺に収められているはずの着物が何者かによって売られ、成仏できないままの魂がその着物に戻ってとり憑くのだともいわれている。
Jatai 蛇帯
外見: 蛇帯は帯の妖怪で、夜になるとスルスルと巨大な蛇のように動き出すといわれている。
起源: 愛媛県やその他の地域に伝わる話によると、枕元に帯を置いて寝ると蛇の夢を見るとされている。この妖怪は邪心と蛇身の語呂合わせで描かれた物ともされ、帯が付喪神となり嫉妬心のために男を絞め殺すのだとも考えられている。
他の妖怪にも興味をもっていただけたなら、是非アマゾンから「The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons(百鬼夜行)」をどうぞ!
HI! MY NAME IS LONG FROM VIETNAM. I LOVE ALL OF YOUR YOKAI! CAN YOU GIVE ME ANY INFORMATION ABOUT THESE YOKAI?
Onihitokuchi (鬼一口)
Hatahiro (機尋)
Bashōnosei (芭蕉精)
Ushirogami (後神)
Hi Long,
My to-do list of yokai this month is already full, but I will add those to the list and get to them as soon as I can. In the meantime, I hope you enjoy these ones. Thanks for viewing!
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