It wouldn’t be Oni Week without featuring the actual oni, would it? Today’s yokai is the quintessential Japanese demon, the oni! | 鬼週間ですから本当の鬼がなければいけませんね!今日の妖怪は、典型的な日本の鬼です!

Oni
Oni 鬼
Translation: ogre, demon
Habitat: Hell; remote mountains, caves, islands, abandoned fortresses
Diet: omnivorous; especially livestock, humans, and alcohol
Appearance: Oni are one the greatest icons of Japanese folklore. They are large and scary, standing taller than the tallest man, and sometimes many times that. They come in many varieties, but are most commonly depicted with red or blue skin, wild hair, two or more horns, and fang-like tusks. Other variations exist in different colors and with different numbers of horns, eyes, or fingers and toes. They wear loincloths made of the pelts of great beasts. All oni possess extreme strength and constitution, and many of them are also accomplished sorcerers. They are ferocious demons, bringers of disaster, spreaders of disease, and punishers of the damned in Hell.
Behavior: Oni are born when truly wicked humans die and end up in one of the many Buddhist Hells, transformed into Oni. They become the ogreish and brutal servants of Great Lord Enma, ruler of Hell, wielding iron clubs with which they crush and destroy humans solely for enjoyment. An oni’s job is to mete out horrible punishments such as peeling off skin, crushing bones, and other torments too horrible to describe to those who were wicked (but not quite wicked enough to be reborn as demons themselves). Hell is full of oni, and they make up the armies of the great generals of the underworld.
Occasionally, when a human is so utterly wicked that his soul is beyond any redemption, he transforms into an oni during life, and remains on Earth to terrorize the living. These transformed oni are the ones most legends tell about, and the ones who pose the most danger to humankind.
Interactions: These oni are the stuff of legends and fairy tails, countless stories of lords and ladies, warriors and rogues that make up Japanese mythology. No two stories about oni are exactly alike except for one thing: oni are always the villains of mankind.
Origin: Originally, all spirits, ghosts, and monsters were known as oni. The root of their name is a word meaning “hidden” or “concealed,” and it was written with the Chinese character for “ghost.” In the old days of Japan, before the spirits were as well-cataloged as they are today, oni could be used to refer to almost any supernatural creature – ghosts, obscure gods, large or scary yokai, even particularly vicious and brutal humans. As the centuries shaped the Japanese language, the definitions we know today for the various kinds of monsters gradually came into being. Today, the word oni generally only refers to this specific category of male demons. Female demons are known by another name: kijo.
Interested in learning more about oni and other Japanese monsters? Check out my book, The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons, on Amazon.com and learn the story behind over one hundred other bizarre yokai! |

Oni
Oni 鬼
生息地: 地獄; 人里離れた山奥,洞窟,離れ島,廃砦
食べ物: 雑食; 特に生きている者,人間,酒
外見: 鬼は日本で最もよく知られている象徴である。彼らは巨大で恐ろしく、そしてその種類もとても多い。よく知られているのは青か赤の肌にぼさぼさの髪、一つかそれ以上の角と牙をもち、毛皮の褌を腰に巻いているものである。その他の種類には違う肌の色に沢山の角や眼や指を持つ者もいるという。全ての鬼は圧倒的な強さと体力を持ち、多くは妖術を使う者と共に行動している。彼らは獰猛で災いをもたらし、病を撒き散らすと共に地獄では拷問を行っている。
習性: 真正の邪悪な人間が死んだ後、ある地獄にいった後に鬼となるといわれている。そして彼らは閻魔大王の冷酷な僕となるのである。
地獄での鬼の役目は恐ろしい拷問で、人の皮を剥いだり骨を砕いたりと説明が難しいほど残酷な事をする。この拷問を受ける人間は、生前悪人だったが鬼になるほどの悪さではなかった者であるという。地獄には鬼が大勢おり、鬼の軍を率いる主もいるのだという。
完全に邪悪で、救われる事のない人間は生きている間に鬼へと変化してし、人間を襲うために現世に棲まうのだという。このように人間から変化した鬼の話は多く聞かれるものであり、人間にとっては大変危険な存在でもある。
鬼と人: 鬼は伝説や民話に登場する。人間と敵対するものとして言い伝えられている事もあればよい事をするものもあり、鬼によって異なる。
起源: 元来は全ての魂、霊、怪物は鬼とされていた。鬼という言葉は“隠れる”という意味の「隠(おん)」からきていると言われ、中国の「鬼」は亡霊を表していた。現在伝わっているような姿になる前には、分類できないような全てのものが「鬼」とされていたのである。
他の妖怪にも興味をもっていただけたなら、是非アマゾンから「The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons(百鬼夜行)」をどうぞ!
How about Great King Enma? Or does he even count as a yokai?
It’s hard to say what exactly counts as a yokai. The term is vague, and since these aren’t actually real creatures it’s impossible to accurately classify them, as every account is slightly different than the next and there is no “original” account. For those reasons, pretty much any strange and supernatural entity could count as a yokai if you like. There are plenty of people who would argue that this or that is not a yokai because of this or that reason, and they’re not necessarily wrong… but it’s just hart to make a case with legendary accounts. It’s like arguing whether the invisible unicorn is invisible pink or invisible blue.
I would consider Lord Enma more of a god than a yokai just because his status seems to afford him a higher title. However, I wouldn’t argue with anyone calling him a yokai either. I’ll hopefully be able to fit him into the next book, but even that will be hard to narrow down to just one hundred…
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