Today’s yokai is extremely well-known and popular in Japan, made famous by Mizuki Shigeru’s yokai stories. However, like many of Mizuki’s works, it has its history way back in the ghost stories of the Edo period. If we look back at the original monster scroll paintings that started the whole Edo period yokai mania, we’ll find that nurikabe has changed quite a bit from his original form to the cute character most people know today. Many yokai have changed such, and their original forms were much scarier or more grotesque. | 本日の妖怪は、水木しげる氏によって日本でとても有名になったものです。多くの他の水木氏の作品もそうですが、この妖怪のルーツも江戸時代からあるものです。江戸時代で妖怪はとても人気であって、当時の絵巻に塗壁は描かれていました。当時の塗壁は現在よく知られているかわいい物とは姿が違っています。多くの妖怪の原作はよりおそろしいものです。
Nurikabe (塗壁)
Nurikabe means “lacquered wall” and also the word for a plaster wall today. It comes from coastal regions of Japan, and was originally an invisible, wall-like manifestation that blocked people from walking late at night. Like most other invisible yokai, it was given a spectacular form by imaginative painters, and since then it has been depicted in various styles.
One of the most famous depictions of a nurikabe comes from a scroll by Kanō Tōrin Yoshinobu painted in 1802. I think his nurikabe looks kind of like a mix between an elephant and the luck dragon from The NeverEnding Story… Others have painted him as simply a broad face on the surface of a house’s wall, almost like a kind of wall tsukumogami.
Nurikabe appear on roads late at night. As you are walking, right before your eyes, an enormous, invisible wall materializes and blocks your way. There is no way around it, as it extends as far as you can go to the left and right. There is no way over it, and it cannot be knocked down either. However, it is said that if you tap it near the ground with a stick, it will vanish, allowing you to continue on your way.
In some locations, nurikabe is thought to be a manifestation of a mischievous itachi or tanuki. In the case of a tanuki, the wall itself is the animal’s enormous scrotum (!) stretched out across the road to block your way. Imagine bumping into that! (Though it does help explain why hitting the part near the ground would make it disappear… ouch!)
Are you interested in yokai? Can’t get enough of strange Japanese culture? Then you should check out my book, The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons, on Amazon.com and learn the story behind over one hundred of these bizarre monsters! |
Nurikabe (塗壁)
沿岸地域に伝わる妖怪であり、その壁は通常は“壁”としてそこにあるが、ある夜になると通行人の邪魔をして前に立ちはだかるのだという。他の姿の見えない妖怪と同じように、塗壁も絵師によって姿をイメージされた。そして長い年月と世代を経て伝わるうちに様々に姿を変えていったのである。
最も有名な塗壁画の一つに狩野洞琳由信の描いた絵巻(1802)がある。彼による塗壁は象とネバーエンディングストーリーのファルコンと似ているように思える。他の絵師による塗壁はシンプルに壁に顔が描かれている物であり、壁の付喪神にもにている。
塗壁は夜中、道に現れる。夜道を歩いていると突然目の前に見えない壁が現れ、周囲にも壁が伸びるため他の道も塞がれてしまうのである。倒そうとしても全く動じずに決して倒れないのだが、棒で地面近くを払うと不思議に壁は消え、通る事ができるのだという話もある。
また別の話では、塗壁は鼬、もしくは狸によるいたずらかとも考えられている。
狸の場合、その壁は狸の陰嚢が大きく広がって道を塞いだものであるのだそうだ・・・それにぶつかる事を考えてみて下さい・・・!(うん、しかしそれなら地面近くを棒で払って消え去るというのもなるほどですね…イタッ!)
他の妖怪にも興味をもっていただけたなら、是非アマゾンから「The Night Parade of One Hundred Demons(百鬼夜行)」をどうぞ!
Whoa! I love how you combined the two depictions of nurikabe. To be honest, when I was writing nurikabe’s poem, I focused more on the Falkor-esque form.
Thank you. I’m generally a fan of the older forms too, but in some cases they are so fantastic it’s no wonder later artists chose to tone it down a bit. This was a tough one to do because the old and the new looks for him are just so drastically different.
I love your work! I hope the new yokai will be in a new book someday!
Thank you! I plan to make a second book eventually, but I have a lot more yokai to paint first. 🙂
Awesome! I’ll be first in line to kickstart/buy it!
I imagine when Nurikabe gets knocked over he’s like a turtle trying to turn himself right side up
That’s a wonderful visual!
And my second vote (as KS baker) goes here.
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